for循环一般格式为:
for 变量 in 列表 do command1 command2 ... commandN done列表是一组值(数字、字符串等)组成的序列,每个值通过空格分隔。每循环一次,就将列表中的下一个值赋给变量。in 列表是可选的,如果不用它,for 循环使用命令行的位置参数。
例如,顺序输出当前列表中的数字:
for loop in 1 2 3 4 5
do
echo "The value is: $loop"
done
The value is: 1 The value is: 2 The value is: 3 The value is: 4 The value is: 5
顺序输出字符串中的字符:
for str in 'This is a string'
do
echo $str
done
This is a string
显示主目录下以 .bash 开头的文件:
#!/bin/bash
for FILE in $HOME/.bash*
do
echo $FILE
done
/root/.bash_history /root/.bash_logout /root/.bash_profile /root/.bashrc
while command do Statement(s) to be executed if command is true done命令执行完毕,控制返回循环顶部,从头开始直至测试条件为假。
以下是一个基本的while循环,测试条件是:如果COUNTER小于5,那么返回 true。COUNTER从0开始,每次循环处理时,COUNTER加1。运行上述脚本,返回数字1到5,然后终止。
COUNTER=0
while [ $COUNTER -lt 5 ]
do
COUNTER='expr $COUNTER+1'
echo $COUNTER
done
1 2 3 4 5
while循环可用于读取键盘信息。下面的例子中,输入信息被设置为变量FILM,按<Ctrl-D>结束循环。
echo 'type <CTRL-D> to terminate'
echo -n 'enter your most liked film: '
while read FILM
do
echo "Yeah! great film the $FILM"
done
type <CTRL-D> to terminate enter your most liked film: Sound of Music Yeah! great film the Sound of Music
until 循环格式为:
until command do Statement(s) to be executed until command is true donecommand 一般为条件表达式,如果返回值为 false,则继续执行循环体内的语句,否则跳出循环。
例如,使用 until 命令输出 0 ~ 9 的数字:
#!/bin/bash
a=0
until [ ! $a -lt 10 ]
do
echo $a
a=`expr $a + 1`
done
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
break命令
break命令允许跳出所有循环(终止执行后面的所有循环)。下面的例子中,脚本进入死循环直至用户输入数字大于5。要跳出这个循环,返回到shell提示符下,就要使用break命令。
#!/bin/bash
while :
do
echo -n "Input a number between 1 to 5: "
read aNum
case $aNum in
1|2|3|4|5) echo "Your number is $aNum!"
;;
*) echo "You do not select a number between 1 to 5, game is over!"
break
;;
esac
done
break n
下面是一个嵌套循环的例子,如果 var1 等于 2,并且 var2 等于 0,就跳出循环:
#!/bin/bash
for var1 in 1 2 3
do
for var2 in 0 5
do
if [ $var1 -eq 2 -a $var2 -eq 0 ]
then
break 2
else
echo "$var1 $var2"
fi
done
done
1 0 1 5
continue命令
continue命令与break命令类似,只有一点差别,它不会跳出所有循环,仅仅跳出当前循环。对上面的例子进行修改:
#!/bin/bash
while :
do
echo -n "Input a number between 1 to 5: "
read aNum
case $aNum in
1|2|3|4|5) echo "Your number is $aNum!"
;;
*) echo "You do not select a number between 1 to 5!"
continue
echo "Game is over!"
;;
esac
done
echo "Game is over!"
同样,continue 后面也可以跟一个数字,表示跳出第几层循环。
再看一个 continue 的例子:
#!/bin/bash
NUMS="1 2 3 4 5 6 7"
for NUM in $NUMS
do
Q=`expr $NUM % 2`
if [ $Q -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Number is an even number!!"
continue
fi
echo "Found odd number"
done
Found odd number Number is an even number!! Found odd number Number is an even number!! Found odd number Number is an even number!! Found odd number
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